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Standing and walking

All right

Indicators
  • Back line: see illustrations
  • Walking speed:
    • slow
    • at the usual pace of 3–4 km/h (comparable to humans: 5–6 km/h) (equivalent to 1 step per second) 
  • head held low

Needs reassurance

Indicators
  • Straight back when standing; curved back and slightly altered gait when walking
  • Curved back (when standing and walking)
  • Relief on the legs
  • Walking speed very slow, shuffling (<< 3–4 km/h)
  • Head facing the ground (movement-oriented walking) and nodding of the head whilst moving

 

  • cow-hocked stance
  • Over-flexion (pathological bending of the toe joints)
  • Overcrossing
  • Bear-paw stance
  • Limping of the forelimbs (bow legs)
  • unnatural angulation of the limb joints